高压、高速、高温化使得齿轮泵固有困油问题愈发严重，传统卸荷槽结构已难以满足高性能燃油泵设计要求。为此本文提出一种基于运动法的新型卸荷槽结构设计方法，通过构建困油模型并从整泵全局角度分析齿轮参数对困油各项性能的影响规律，以确定齿轮参数并为卸荷槽设计提供约束条件；其次基于齿轮运动规律和卸荷槽设计原则进行了某型燃油齿轮泵卸荷槽的设计，并进行了多个工况下新型卸荷槽和传统卸荷槽困油特性仿真对比；最后试制了样机并通过试验验证了卸荷槽设计的有效性。研究结果表明：所设计的卸荷槽与传统矩形卸荷槽相比，同工况下最大困油压力降低63.4 MPa，流量脉动率减小33.5%，空化区域更小，工作性能更优，能够显著缓解困油带来的不利影响。采用该结构卸荷槽的齿轮泵具有高的容积效率和长时抗汽蚀能力。

The inherent oil trapping problem of gear pump becomes more and more serious because of high pressure， high speed and high temperature. The traditional relief groove design method has been difficult to meet the design requirements of high-performance fuel pump. For this reason， a design method of relief groove is proposed based on motion method， and the effects of gear parameters on the performance of trapped oil are analysed from a global perspective of the whole pump， based on the constructed trapped oil model， and then the gear parameters are determined to provide constraint conditions for further design of relief groove. Then， the design of relief groove of a certain type of fuel gear pump is studied based on the law of gear motion and the design principles of relief groove. Through the flow field simulation method， the oil trapping characteristics of the new relief groove and the traditional structure relief groove are simulated and compared under multiple working conditions. Finally， the effectiveness of the design method of the relief groove is verified by the prototype test. The research results show that： compared with the traditional rectangular relief groove， the maximum trapped oil pressure under the same working conditions is reduced by 63.4 MPa， the flow pulsation rate is reduced by 33.5%， the cavitation area is smaller， and the working performance is better. These improvements can significantly alleviate the adverse effects of trapped oil. The gear pump has high volumetric efficiency and long-term anti-cavitation ability with new relief groove.

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国家科技重大专项（J2019-V-0016-0111；2022-B-V-003-001）；国防基础科研项目（JCKY2022607C002）；陕西省重点研发计划高校联合重点项目（2021GXLH-01-16）；中国航发产学研合作项目（HFZL2022CXY013）。